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Cum sa ne construim bugetul familiei
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Cum sa ne construim bugetul familiei

calendar 23 May 2010

Better way to budget

Criza economica actuala a ajuns sa ne afecteze buzunarele. Nu mai este suficient sa ne intrebam daca avem nevoie de ceea ce cumparam. Acum trebuie sa ne planificam cheltuielile, sa ne analizam veniturile, sa ne creem rezerve pentru cazurile in care veniturile vor scadea sau vom avea cheltuieli neasteptate. Este foarte usor sa te trezesti la cateva zile dupa ce ai primit salariul, ca ai ramas fara nici un ban. Ce e de facut?

Primul lucru pe care trebuie sa-l facem este sa ne construim un buget al familiei. acesta trebuie sa contina atat sursele de bani (veniturile) cat si elementele pe care se duc in fiecare luna banii pe care reusim sa-i castigam. Pentru a realiza un buget trebuie sa urmam cativa pasi:

1. Analiza veniturilor. Veniturile familiei sunt reprezentate de toate sursele de bani. Acestea pot fi salarii, pensii, dobanzi (in cazul in care avem ceva bani depusi in banci), dividende (in cazul in care avem actiuni la societati profitabile), venituri din chirii (in cazul in care am inchiriat un apartament, teren sau orice alt bun), drepturi de autor (in cazul in care suntem platiti in acest mod), veniturile din colaborari sau orice alte activitati. Notam fie pe hartie, fie intr-un program de calculator cum este MS Excel fiecare dintre veniturile noastre si data la care le primim in fiecare luna. Suma lor reprezinta totalul veniturilor pe care familia noastra le obtine intr-o luna.

2. Analiza cheltuielilor fixe. Cheltuielile fixe sunt reprezentate de facturile de utilitati (telefon, gaze naturale, electricitate, TV, internet, intretinere, pensie alimentara), ratele la credite sau leasing, chiria (in cazul in care locuiti cu chirie sau folositi bunuri inchiriate), primele pentru politele de asigurare, costurile necesare transportului (abonamentul pentru transportul in comun, biletele de autobuz, maxi-taxi sau tren, pentru benzina sau motorina in cazul in care mergeti cu masina personala la care se adauga costurile de intretinere, etc.), cheltuielile lunare cu alimentele si orice alte cheltuieli care au loc lunar. Trebuie sa fim atenti ca exista si cheltuieli pe care este foarte usor sa le trecem cu vederea. Un exemplu sunt comisioanele bancare pentru intretinerea conturilor, comisioanele de retragere de la bancomat, comisioanele de depunere a ratelor la banca, comsioanele de retragere de la casierie si cate si mai cate comisioane. Toate aceste cheltuieli le vom nota pe aceeasi fila sau in acelasi program ca si in cazul veniturilor. Suma acestora vor reprezenta cheltuielile fixe ale familiei.

3. Calculam surplusul sau deficitul bugetului familiei. Ca si in cazul unei tari si familia noastra poate avea un surplus sau un deficit bugetar (cum avem noi in Romania). Pentru a calcula acest lucru trebuie sa scadem din veniturile familiei cheltuielile fixe. Daca rezultatul este pozitiv atunci suma respectiva reprezinta surplus iar daca rezultatul este negativ (cheltuielile sunt mai mair decat veniturile) atunci suma rspectiva reprezinta deficit. In acest caz trebuie sa gasim surse de finatare a deficitului (sa gasim noi surse de venit, de exemplu ne mai angajam undeva cu jumatate de norma) sau sa renuntam la unele cheltuieli fixe (cumparam mai putine alimente, consumam mai putina electricitate sau ne mutam intr-un apartament mai mic unde cheltuielile vor fi mai mici).

4. Estimam si programam cheltuielile variabile. Acestea sunt acele cheltuieli care apar din cand in cand. De exemplu chletuielile cu concediile, vacantele, zile de nastere, achizitia unui autoturism, reparatiile la masina proprie etc. Putem sa inventariem cheltuielile variabile realizate in ultimul an si sa impartim suma rezultata la 12 luni. Vom obtine astfel o medie lunara a cheltuielilor variabile si, in cazul in care am obtinut surplus bugetar la pasul anterior, putem aloca aceasta suma din buget in foecare luna. Este de recomandata sa economisim surplusul bugetar fie prin realizarea de depozite bancare, fie prin utilizarea unui cont de economii.

Acum dupa ce am realizat bugetul familiei stim cum stam din punct de vedere financiar. Putem sa vedem care vor fi efectele preconizatei reduceri a salariilor din sectorul bugetar sau ce cheltuieli trebuie reduse pentru a ne incadra in buget in asa fel incat sa ne mentinem pe linia de plutire pana cand fie vom gasi un job mai bine platit, fie vom porni afacerea proprie si aceasta ne va aduce mai multi bani.

Foto de Jeff Keen


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Despre banci, Finante personale

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Raspunde


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