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Mic ghid pentru depozitele la termen
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Mic ghid pentru depozitele la termen

calendar 18 December 2012

Depozite la termenDepozitele la termen sunt una din optiunile disponibile pentru investitorii care vor sa obtina mai mult de la economiile lor. Aceste depozite sunt o investitie la termen, ceea ce inseamna ca banii sunt „pusi deoparte” pana la finalul termenului.

Priveste depozitul la termen ca orice alt cont de economii in care depui o anumita suma lunar si primesti dobanda in functie de frecventa si daca este compusa sau nu. Insa, depozitele la termen au dobanda fixa, spre deosebire de cele cu dobanda variabila si trebuie respectata data scadenta, ceea ce inseamna ca daca trebuie sa inchizi depozitul mai devreme sau vrei sa ai acces la bani inainte de aceasta data, vei fi taxat.

Gasirea unui depozit la termen

Depozitele la termen sunt considerate o optiune mai sigura si mai putin schimbatoare in comparatie cu alte optiuni cum ar fi actiunile la bursa de valori sau achizitia de proprietati. Sunt de asemenea rapide, simple si, odata constituite, nu trebuie decat sa lasi dobanda sa se acumuleze astfel incat sa ai un profit garantat la finalul termenului.

Daca iei in calcul un depozit la termen, vei gasi mai jos cateva sfaturi de care sa tii cont inainte sa faci acest pas.

Cum sa alegi perioada potrivita

Exista doua tipuri principale: pe termen lung sau scurt.

Pe termen scurt: in general, cele pe termen scurt sunt pentru perioade mai mici de un an si pot incepe chiar si de la o luna. Aceasta optiune se potriveste cuiva care are obiective de economisire rapida sau care nu vrea sa isi blocheze banii timp indelungat. Cateva perioade comune sunt 1 luna, 3 luni si 6 luni. In Romania majritatea depozitelor sunt pe 1 luna sau 3 luni.

Pe termen lung: orice depaseste 12 luni este considerat un depozit pe termen lung si poate avea pana la 5 ani, desi e posibil sa existe chiar si de 7 ani. Daca nu ai nevoie de accesul la bani sau consideri ca dobanzile oferite in acest caz ating un punct culminant, atunci asta ar putea fi o solutie buna pentru tine.

Cand iei in considerare perioada, tine minte ca majoritatea institutiilor financiare cer depunerea unei sume minime, asa ca citeste detaliile pentru a stii toate conditiile impuse. De asemenea, aceste depozite sunt pe nivele, de aceea cu cat investesti mai mult si alegi o perioada mai indelungata, cu atat dobanda poate fi mai buna. Pentru anumite sume banca poate sa negocieze o dobanda preferentiala.

 Taxele incluse

In mod normal, nu exista taxe de constituire sau de pastrare, insa nu strica sa verifici. Insa, daca decizi sa renunti mai devreme decat ar fi trebuit, este posibil sa ti se perceapa o taxa. Majoritatea bancilor te vor penaliza si nu iti vor da dobanda pentru perioada scursa de la constituirea depozitului.

Penalitatile sunt calculate diferit de la o institutie la alta. Unele ar putea opri un procent din dobanda, spre exemplu 3% dintr-o dobanda de 7%. Altele ar putea sa perceapa o taxa speciala pentru asta, care va depinde de mai multi factori, cum ar fi: dobanzile oferite la momentul respectiv, dobanda primita si suma depusa. Penalizarea este destul de consistenta, de aceea inainte de a semna trebuie sa fii sigur ca esti pregatit ca banii tai sa fie blocati pe toata durata stabilita.

O alta taxa pe care ar trebui sa o iei in calcul este taxa de retragere la casierie sa la bancomat. Daca ai nevoie de bani cash va trebui sa iei in considerare si comisianele de retragere. Tine minte ca in cazul in care alegi sa primesti banii cash, este posibil sa ti se perceapa o taxa de retragere a acestora, insa asta difera de la o banca la alta.

 Atribute

Exista o serie de atribute disponibile pentru unele depozite la termen. Mai jos am enumerat cele mai intalnite optiuni cu care te-ai putea intalni atunci cand analizezi depozitele la termen.

Frecventa platior

Acest lucru se refera la calcularea dobanzii. Cel mai des, dobanda este platita la data scadenta pentru depozitele la termen. Alte optiuni sunt:

Optiunea de capitalizare a dobanzii

Profitul obtinut de pe urma investitiei poate varia foarte mult in functie de frecventa calcularii dobanzii si daca aceasta se capitalizeaza sau nu. Dobanda se capitalizeaza daca aceasta se adauga regulat la suma depusa si astfel poti sa ai dobanda la dobanda, in comparatie cu situatia in care aceasta este transferata in alt cont.

 Prelungire automata

Acest lucru se refera la prelungirea depozitului cu un alt termen fix odata ce ajunge la data scadenta. Inainte de asta, trebuie sa anunti institutia ce anume vrei sa faci cu banii, daca ii ridici sau ii transferi intr-un alt depozit. Daca nu anunti, se va aplica automat acelasi termen, insa dobanda nu va fi neaparat aceeasi, intrucat se va aplica dobanda existenta la momentul respectiv. Cel mai bine este sa iti pui un reminder in agenda pentru a verifica aceste lucruri inainte de data scadenta.

Retragere partiala permisa

Unele depozite iti permit sa retragi o parte din bani fara a fi penalizat. Depinde de fiecare institutie daca acest lucru este optional si care este suma acceptata pentru retragerile partiale.

Dobanda virata intr-un cont diferit

La finalul perioadei, unele institutii financiare iti  acorda dreptul de a transfera totul in contul curent, indiferent daca este vorba de o alta institutie.

Cine ofera depozite la termen?

Exista o serie de institutii, inclusiv banci, cooperative si societati de credit care ofera aceasta posibilitate. Cu toate acestea, fiecare ar putea sa acorde dobanzi, termene si facilitati diferite, de aceea se merita sa faci o comparatie online. In acest fel vei putea gasi o institutie cu dobanda mai mare si cu facilitatile de care ai nevoie.

 Lista de verificare

Iata o lista cu ce ai nevoie inainte de a aplica pentru un depozit la termen:

Asigura-te ca citesti si intelegi termenii, conditiile si contractul pentru a fi informat inainte de a semna.

 

Foto: 401(K) 2012


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2 raspunsuri la “Mic ghid pentru depozitele la termen”

  1. Istrate andreea scrie:

    Depozit pe termen lung

  2. Istrate andreea scrie:

    Dobânda la bani intr-un depozit pe termen lung

Raspunde


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